Evolution is the process by which species change over time through variations in traits that are passed down from one generation to the next. These changes occur due to mutations in DNA, which can result in new characteristics. When these traits improve an organism’s ability to survive and reproduce in its environment, they are more likely to be passed on to future generations. Over long periods, these small changes accumulate, leading to the development of new species. The theory of evolution, first fully articulated by Charles Darwin, is one of the most significant concepts in biology.
Natural selection is the primary mechanism driving evolution. It is the process by which individuals with traits better suited to their environment have a higher chance of surviving and reproducing, passing those beneficial traits on to their offspring. Over time, this leads to adaptations in populations. Evolution also involves other mechanisms such as genetic drift, gene flow, and mutation. The study of evolution helps explain the diversity of life on Earth, as well as how species adapt to changing environments. It also provides insight into human development, the origin of diseases, and the complex interrelationships between species within ecosystems. Shutdown123